Anatomical characteristics for identification and quality indices of four promising commercial bamboo species in Java, Indonesia

The anatomical characteristics in the culms of four promising Indonesian bamboo species, including Dendrocalamus asper, giganteus, Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris, and striata, were investigated to produce an identification key quality indices for further effective utilization. crystalline properties culm determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. asper striata showed vascular bundle type IV, while giganteus displayed III. density increased from bottom top part was higher outer than inner part. fiber portion length those part, opposite parenchyma portion. had largest vessel diameter, smallest. longest parenchyma, shortest. relative crystallinity All parameters, except crystallite width, a variation radial direction but did not show consistent tendency vertically. This study revealed that different between species could be used evaluation culms.